Non-parametric alternatives

when a non-parametric test is the right answer and when it is an excuse; the mapping table (t-test to Mann-Whitney, paired t-test to Wilcoxon signed-rank, one-way ANOVA to Kruskal-Wallis, repeated measures to Friedman, Pearson to Spearman); what each test actually compares - ranks, not means; running each in SPSS through Nonparametric Tests; reading the output, which looks nothing like the parametric equivalent; effect size r for each; post hoc comparisons after Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman; how to report a median-and-IQR result properly.